Sources — Attribution and Accountability
Sources & references (compiled and fact-checked July 2026).
Detection and the audience signal
Deezer Newsroom, n=9,000 across eight countries, fielded Oct 6–10, 2025 · Nov 12, 2025 — the upload and fraud figures in this post are superseded by the July 2026 release below
Deezer Newsroom · Jul 21, 2026 — threshold crossed in June 2026
Spotify Newsroom · Sep 25, 2025
Originality.AI — a company that sells AI-detection software, using its own detector · Jan 28, 2026 — 844 books in one subcategory over 13 weeks, filtered to a minimum 4-star rating; only descriptions, author bios and sample pages were scanned, not manuscripts
Amazon’s Kindle Direct Publishing Will Limit Daily Number of New Titles (three per day)
Publishers Weekly · Sep 2023
Kapwing — a video-editing company, not YouTube · Nov 28, 2025 — the global aggregates are not published in the report itself, only in write-ups citing it
Generative AI floods and dilutes the market for books (20% of books, 12.1% of sales)
Chakrabarty, Liu, Ginsburg & Dhillon, arXiv · Jul 22, 2026 — the denominator is a 14,419-book sample of self-published genre fiction sold on Amazon 2023–2026, not Amazon’s whole catalogue
Wu, Passananti, Mittal, Ding, Zheng & Zhao, arXiv · Jun 16, 2026 — the two figures come from different snapshots: 5.1% against a 185M-track catalogue as of Jul 2025, 1.2% against the 33M-track core recommendation graph as of May 2026. Also: 93% of AI music gets few or no plays
Authorship and copyright litigation
Supreme Court Denies Cert in AI Authorship Case (Thaler v. Perlmutter)
Mayer Brown (Assmus & Nolan) · Mar 11, 2026 — cert denied Mar 2, 2026 (No. 25-449). The D.C. Circuit decision (Mar 18, 2025, Millett, J.) and the point that a cert denial carries no precedential effect are not in this piece; cite the opinion itself for those
Thaler v. Perlmutter — case file
SCOTUSblog · docket 25-449; petition filed Oct 9, 2025, denied Mar 2, 2026
When 600 Prompts Still Aren’t Enough: What Allen v. Perlmutter Means for Ownership and Copyright
Mondaq (Ashley Brooks, Roth Jackson) · Jan 26, 2026 — confirms the case is still pending; the court and docket (D. Colo., 1:24-cv-02665-SKC-KAS) come from CourtListener, not from this article
Landmark ruling of the Munich Regional Court (GEMA v OpenAI) on copyright and AI training
Bird & Bird (Dr Simon Hembt) · Nov 14, 2025 — case 42 O 14139/24. Confirms infringement in memorisation in model parameters and in output reproduction. ⚠️ But this article does not support the essay’s further claims — see the flag below. First instance; OpenAI appealing, with a CJEU reference possible
Latham & Watkins, on [2025] EWHC 2863 (Ch) · Nov 4, 2025 — prefer this to headlines reading “Stability AI defeats Getty,” which imply a merits ruling the judgment does not make
Delhi High Court rejects ANI’s interim plea against OpenAI’s ChatGPT
LiveLaw (Malavika Prasad), on ANI Media v. OpenAI Inc, Bansal J. · Jul 24, 2026 — the interim injunction application was dismissed; the suit itself continues to trial. LiveLaw’s headline says “rejects ANI’s copyright suit,” which overstates it. The docket number is not on the page — verify against the order before printing it
Provenance and transparency infrastructure
C2PA Membership (steering committee: Adobe, Google, Microsoft, OpenAI, Amazon, Meta, Sony, BBC)
Coalition for Content Provenance and Authenticity · accessed 2026 — steering committee is Adobe, Amazon, BBC, Google, Meta, Microsoft, OpenAI, Publicis, Sony, TikTok, Truepic. Nikon and Samsung are general members, not steering. For the spec version (2.4) cite spec.c2pa.org instead. C2PA is not an ISO standard — ISO 22144 reached draft stage in 2025 and has not been published
Bill Text — AB-853 California AI Transparency Act
California Legislature · signed Oct 13, 2025 — amends SB 942, delaying its duties to Aug 2, 2026 and extending provenance obligations to large platforms and GenAI hosts (Jan 2027) and capture-device makers (Jan 2028)
California’s New AI Laws Focus on Training Data, Content Transparency (SB 942, AB 2013)
Cooley LLP · Oct 16, 2024 — cite for AB 2013 only (training-data disclosure, operative Jan 1, 2026). Its SB 942 date is superseded: AB 853 moved that to Aug 2, 2026. Neither statute names C2PA; both are standard-agnostic
Measures for Labeling of AI-Generated Synthetic Content
China Law Translate · effective Sep 1, 2025 — predates California’s earliest provenance obligation
EU AI Act: GPAI rules apply; training-data summary template finalized
Mayer Brown · Aug 1, 2025 — confirms GPAI obligations apply from Aug 2, 2025, with pre-existing models given until Aug 2, 2027. It does not use the phrase “sufficiently detailed summary” — that is Art. 53(1)(d) of Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 itself. Note the Template requires a list of the top 10% of scraped domains by size, which is more granular than “narrative summary” implies
Identity, likeness and labor
NO FAKES Act of 2026 (S.4591) — bill status
GovInfo, 119th Congress (Coons, 15 cosponsors) · introduced May 20, 2026 — ordered reported by Senate Judiciary Jun 18, 2026; reported with substitute and placed on the Legislative Calendar, No. 446, Jun 24, 2026. This is the live vehicle
NO FAKES Act of 2025 (S.1367) — bill status
GovInfo, 119th Congress · introduced Apr 9, 2025 — read twice and referred; no further action. The superseded predecessor
The ‘No Fakes’ Act is Back — Can a 2026 Version Pass Congress?
Digital Music News (Ashley King) · May 20, 2026 — usable for industry sentiment only. It never names the 2026 bill number, links to S.1367 instead, and omits the April 2025 reintroduction
Artists Rally Behind The NO FAKES Act To Protect Against AI Misuse At Senate Hearing
Recording Academy / grammy.com (Nina Frazier) · Jun 2, 2025 — McBride testified May 21, 2025 before the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Privacy, Technology and the Law. FKA twigs testified separately, April 30, 2024, before the IP Subcommittee
Tennessee’s ELVIS Act Expands Publicity Rights
Manatt · signed Mar 21, 2024, effective Jul 1, 2024 — protects a voice “regardless of whether the sound contains the actual voice or a simulation.” Preferred over the Wikipedia page, which carries an internal date error and omits the effective date
Davis Wright Tremaine · Jun 9, 2026 — Washington SB 5886 effective Jun 10, 2026. The 46/47-state figure that circulates counts deepfake laws generally, most predating ELVIS. (MultiState’s Jan 2025 tracker counts ten states introducing bills that session — introduced, not enacted)
Generative AI in Movies and TV: How the 2023 SAG-AFTRA and WGA Contracts Address Generative AI
Perkins Coie (Oratz, Carter & McFee) · Apr 24, 2024 — the digital-replica definition bundles “voice and/or likeness”; the contracts sort by Employment-Based vs Independently Created replicas and Synthetic Performers, not by which attribute was copied. (The
perkinscoie.compath now 404s — use the legacy domain)
SAG-AFTRA · Jul 9, 2025 — ratification concluded the video game strike
iHeartRadio Bans AI Music, Podcasts & Radio DJs With New ‘Guaranteed Human’ Program
Billboard (Kristin Robinson) · Nov 25, 2025 — Billboard has since revised the headline; the commitment is a staff-memo pledge covering AI on-air personalities and “synthetic vocalists pretending to be human,” narrower than a blanket ban on AI music
Decrypt · Jul 14, 2021 — a DAO of “stewards” approving and co-selling works made with Herndon’s voice model. An approval and revenue-sharing framework, not a licence instrument; no news after 2022, so the essay uses the past tense
Training-data accountability
TRAIN Act (S.2455) — bill status
GovInfo, 119th Congress · introduced Jul 24, 2025 — referred to Senate Judiciary; no hearing, no markup. House companion H.R.7209 introduced Jan 22, 2026
COPIED Act (S.1396) — bill status
GovInfo, 119th Congress · introduced Apr 9, 2025 — referred to Senate Commerce; no markup
Cantwell, Blackburn, Heinrich Reintroduce the COPIED Act
U.S. Senate Commerce Committee · Apr 2025
Music Business Worldwide · Jul 20, 2026 — Sony has settled with neither Suno nor Udio
Suno scraped YouTube, Deezer and Genius to train its AI, hacked code reveals
Music Business Worldwide · Jul 2026 — also covered by Variety and Decrypt. Every other training-provenance fact this project tracks arrived through discovery, a disclosure mandate, or self-reporting; this one arrived through a hack
Jurisdictions
Agency for Cultural Affairs · Mar 2024
Japan’s Text and Data Mining Copyright Exception for AI Training (Article 30-4)
Hugh Stephens Blog · Mar 2024 — commentary; pair with the primary above
South Korea: Comprehensive AI Legal Framework Takes Effect
Library of Congress, Global Legal Monitor · Feb 20, 2026 — Act effective Jan 22, 2026 — governs transparency, labelling and risk; silent on training data and copyright. South Korea has no TDM exception; a proposed exception with remuneration and opt-out is contested by rightsholder groups
Institutions — the Copyright Office
The U.S. Copyright Office used to be fairly low-drama. Not anymore
NPR (Andrew Limbong) · Jun 6, 2025 — supports: Hayden fired May 8; Part 3 released May 9 as a “pre-publication version”; Perlmutter fired May 10; Perkins named Register May 12; registrations paused twelve business days, ~20,000 registrations. It does not support the detail that Perkins was turned away from the building — that needs its own source or should come out
Fired Copyright Office head Shira Perlmutter sues Trump administration
NPR · May 23, 2025 — Perlmutter v. Blanche, D.D.C.
Supreme Court defers decision on whether Trump can fire head of U.S. Copyright Office
SCOTUSblog (Amy Howe) · Nov 26, 2025 — reports only the deferral. For the outcome see the two entries below
D.C. Circuit Says Perlmutter Can Resume Register Role Pending Lawsuit Against Trump
IPWatchdog, on Perlmutter v. Blanche, No. 25-5285 · Sep 10, 2025 — 2-1 panel, Walker J. dissenting; order
SCOTUS Scraps Trump’s Bid to Oust Perlmutter for Now
IPWatchdog · Jun 30, 2026 — emergency application denied (No. 25A478). Perlmutter is serving as Register pending litigation; the merits are unresolved — write it that way rather than “reinstated”
Excellence, provenance and credentials
Merit Requires Access (“We’re hearing access layered over time and expressing itself as readiness“)
Stanford Thompson — Curtis graduate, founder of Play On Philly, Executive Director of Equity Arc · Mar 30, 2026
Bach transformed: Jean Rondeau on remaking the Goldberg Variations
Bachtrack · Apr 1, 2026 — “When does Bach cease to be Bach?” is the magazine’s standfirst, not Rondeau’s own provocation; his line is “Bach did not hesitate to reuse and transform his own material”
Tunnel vision — Metropolitan Opera review, Tristan und Isolde
Parterre Box (Christopher Corwin) · Mar 12, 2026 — the objection was aesthetic, not originalist: an “earthbound final tableau” where the music evokes transcendence, and a vision that “often felt random”
Artworks are perceived as less creative and valuable if labeled AI-made
PsyPost, on Millet, Buehler, Du & Kokkoris, Computers in Human Behavior · Apr 26, 2023 — n=1,808 across four experiments; the effect is a labelling effect, strongest among those who see creativity as uniquely human
Ansani et al., Empirical Studies of the Arts · 2025 — note the journal; this paper is often miscited to Music & Science
The disclosure-penalty figure. The essay’s “two-thirds of respondents” comes from a March 2026 Side-Line survey (n=821) in which 64.6% said they would be less interested in a release marketed as fully AI-generated. The population is darkwave, EBM and industrial scene professionals, not music professionals generally — if the percentage goes into the body, that scope has to go with it.